At the end of the 10th century AD, Tecpancaltzin, ruler of Thia, the capital of the powerful Toltec Empire of Anahuac, received a visit from Chief Paplzin and his daughter, Princess Xochitl, known as "The Flower." They brought two inventions previously unknown in the empire: chancaca and the dark maguey honey. Tecpancaltzin fell deeply in love with Princess Xochitl, and together they had a son named Topilzin Acxitl.
Topilzin Acxitl was trained in the use of weapons and educated in the teachings of his time, including the priesthood of Quetzalcóhuatl, the god of wind and the evening star, and Tuntiuh, the god of sunrise. He also mastered the cyclical calendars and the sacred arts of high magic, which involved understanding the spirit and applying the laws of nature with balance.
When his father died, Topilzin Acxitl inherited the royal authority, a decision welcomed by the people. Yet, the king’s widow opposed him and spread hatred against him. She persuaded many, including her own sons, to follow the cult of darkness devoted to Tezcatlipoca, the nocturnal moon. This created division within the Toltec Empire, leading to a civil war driven by both political and religious conflict.
Topilzin Acxitl faced this civil war, led by his half-brothers. After many years of struggle, he received a divine message from Tezcatlipoca: “Go to Huhuetiapallan, where the sun rises, to the lands of your ancestors.” He then journeyed to what is now El Salvador, the homeland of the Toltecs’ ancestors, likely from the Lenca and Yaqui-Pipil nations.
According to the chronicles, Topilzin Acxitl traveled east to Huhuetiapallan, near the southern sea and Lake Guija (Tula de Guija). There, he founded several settlements, including Cempoal, Cholula, Escuintla, and Tecpan-Izalco. In 1054, he established the city of Cuzcatlán, a renowned center of wealth and noble power. From Cuzcatlán, he later moved to holy city of Mitlán, one of the most significant pre-Columbian cities in Mesoamerica, whose capital was Copán.
Cuzcatlán is written with a “Z,” not an “S,” because the letter “S” does not exist in the Nahuat language of El Salvador. “Nahuatl” refers to the Mexican variant, while “Nahuat” is the Salvadoran one.
source: Jorge Larin y Larin (2018). El Salvador: Historia de su pueblos, villas y cuidades. Ministerio de Cultura de El Salvador.
Oscar A, Calix
October 22, 2025
Berens River First Nation
Consulted the 1957 first edition, which is part of my private collection. Inhereted by my Grandfather Adolfo Perez, former Mayor of Yucuaiquin in the late 1950-60's)